Every day thousands of Americans walk outside, reach into
their mailbox and pull out their daily mail. They probably never give much
thought as to how it got there, or who started the whole process. This blog
will take a look at how the United States Postal Service got started, Who
started it, and Why it’s experienced such a decline over the last couple of
years.
Let’s start at the very beginning. The United States Postal
Service was started by Benjamin Franklin in July of 1775. The USPS was started
in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. The post office started off small, but was then
expanded when Andrew Jackson became the President of the United States.
With any growth and expansion comes challenges. The USPS
started to experience some challenges with the small number of employees they
had and the lack of transportation options that were available to them at this
time. The first method of delivery that the USPS used to deliver the mail was
steamboats. The steamboats were a way for the post office to reach its customers
who lived in towns without roads designated for use by the USPS.
By the 1820’s the USPS determined that the postal services
were needed across the country. At that point railroads were designated for
delivery of mail through the United States Postal Service. Once the use of
trains was in effect the use of railroads and customers using the USPS
increased rapidly.
Once the number of customers began to increase, the post
office needed to develop a way to charge customers for mailing their letters or
packages. In 1847 the Post Master General was given permission by Congress to
begin issuing stamps. The first stamps were designed and printed by a company
called Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson. The first stamps that were printed
were sent to New York City, to be sold, on July 1, 1847. After that more stamps
were printed and distributed to cities across the country.
The first method of determining what priced stamp someone
needed to purchase was by weight and distance the letter or package was going
to travel. A five center would get a letter less than 300 miles. If someone
wanted to send an envelope anywhere over 300 miles, or send a package weighing
over 1 ounce, they needed to purchase a stamp worth ten cents.
The USPS was rapidly growing and by 1847 they had also
realized they needed help getting mail to different countries too! The USPS
contracted with the U.S. Mail Steamship Company. By using their services the
USPS was able to deliver mail as far away as Havana and Panama.
In 1869 the railway system had grown throughout the US,
Panama, and Canada. The USPS began using rail cars that could not only deliver
the mail, but allowed for employees to sort and deliver mail all while on
board. The number of pieces of mail increased immensely.
It took the United State Postal Service quite some time
before they finally improved delivery methods yet again, and were able to reach
more people in different countries. In the year of 1918 the postal service
began using airmail services that they privately owned. Before they took over
operations airmail was the responsibility of the United States Army. The USPS
started an airmail division. They hired pilots and used old military planes for
the delivery. During 1918 the post office was known for having 36 pilots on its
staff. By 1920 the pilots had delivered more than 49 million letters to
destinations around the world.
As of 1975 the United States Postal Service discontinued the
use Domestic AirMail and did the same for International Airmail. They were
already using AirMail as a standard shipping method for First Class mailings.
Between now and then a lot has changed with the USPS. They
have gone through many ups and downs. Just this quarter the United States
Postal Service announced that its revenue was down $5.2billion. They have
started seeking out ways to cut costs and bring in more revenue.
One way that many people might not think about is cutting
electricity costs. The post office has taken many measures to cut back
electricity consumption by more than 26%. The USPS has encouraged employees to
take part in the cost saving initiative by turning down the thermostat at
facilities and turning off lights that aren’t being used. They have also begun
using their own systems called the Utility Management System and the Enterprise
Energy Management System. These systems will locate trouble spots and recognize
where money can be saved throughout the 33,000 buildings that the USPS runs out
of.
Some towns will also being seeing a drastic change in how
their mail is delivered to them. Instead of walking to their mailbox outside of
their house, they will need to drive down the street to one centralized
location, where there will be batch boxes. These boxes will resemble PO Boxes
and have a key for each resident. Their mail will be sorted into the boxes and
wait for them to collect it. All of the boxes will be found in spots, usually
parking lots, or places off of mail roads. This will cut down on man hours for
delivery time, gas for traveling throughout each neighborhood, and allow the
postal workers to deliver more in a shorter amount of time.
Another change you will begin to see when shipping out of
your local office is a change to delivery time guarantees. When you once were
able to get a package or important letter delivered overnight, you now will
need to wait 2-3, unless you are a bulk shipper. This cutback on the time
guarantee will allow your local office and the stops along the way to cut back
on man-hours to get packages delivered in a guaranteed time frame.
Cutting back on man-hours and the amount of locations
available to the United States Postal Service Customers has also become a big
money saving initiative, much to it’s employees and customers dismay. The post
office has shortened hours at local branches, closed somewhere around 250
branches and distribution centers, and laid off at least 28,000 employees.
Branches and distribution center that were no longer doing
the volume they once were began to see a cut-back in employees and business
hours back in December 2011. Since them more locations are being closed and
employees are finding themselves unemployed. The rural locations will be hit
hardest with changes. Many are being kept open, but will only operate 4-6 hours
a day, with many employees being cut back to part time positions and losing
benefits. Along with the cut-backs the USPS is studying the numbers from the
“at-risk” offices as well. Many will be evaluated to see if they are worth
being kept open on a part-time basis or not.
The USPS has determined that by cutting back on the hours of
branches, services offered, and employee hours can save them more than
$500million.
The United States Postal Service has also started to rely on
a unique form of mailings to help them bring in more revenue. The USPS has
created its own mass mailing company called Every Door Direct Mail. This
service was put together to encourage more small businesses to send out mass
mailing marketing pieces. For 14.5cents the customer can send unaddressed
fliers, coupons, or other materials to a targeted neighborhood or city. To
raise the profits even more companies are encouraged to purchase an entire
route. This means every person that receives mail on the specified route will
get the marketing piece delivered to them. This will bring in an extra
$75/route to the USPS. Want to know how much that “junk mail” has earned the
USPS? In just the first year alone the USPS $180million from the new service
being offered.
Not only has the United States Postal Service gotten
creative about making money, but it has also reached out to Congress to help
keep it afloat. Just this year the United States Postal Service defaulted on
paying their retirees benefit bill. This is the first time this has happened,
but may not be the last. They have asked Congress to help them with this bill.
So why all of these troubles for the Postal Service? It may
have all started in the 1980’s when the fax machine was at its most popular.
The use of snailmail started to decline then. To add salt to the wound, free
email then gained popularity. People were passing on stamps and envelopes, and
paying just for the internet service they needed. Why pay for postage supplies
when you can just hit the “send” button.
To add to the use of e-mail the instant gratification
generation is now turning to their mobile devices and the internet for coupons.
Gone are the days of waiting by your mailbox for supermarket sale ads and
weekly coupons from local restaurants. With the click of a button, or a simple
“check-in” customers don’t even need to print offers anymore!
Many of the USPS competition such as UPS and FedEx have
shifted gears to accommodate the ever changing market, and keep from sinking.
They not only offer delivery services, but now offer small business solutions,
printing/copy options, along with their quick and efficient shipping services
too!
Many private sector companies are now purchasing old post
offices and running their businesses out of them just to keep a piece of the
nostalgia around. Many are watching and tracking the shift in the USPS and to
see if it will make a rebound, and what they will have to do to stay afloat.
Each week this blog will look at the inner workings of the
United States Postal Service, and even get an occasional insiders look from a
now retired Post Master General.